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Impact of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Skeletal Muscle Respiration, Antioxidants, and the Muscle Proteome in Thoroughbred Horses
Joe Pagan
Antioxidants
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an essential component of the mitochondrial electron transfer system and a potent antioxidant. The impact of CoQ10 supplementation on mitochondrial capacities and the muscle proteome is largely unknown. This study determined the effect of CoQ10 supplementation on muscle CoQ10 concentrations, antioxidant balance, the proteome, and mitochondrial respiratory capacities. In a randomized cross-over design, six Thoroughbred horses received 1600 mg/d CoQ10 or no supplement (control) for 30-d periods separated by a 60-d washout. Muscle samples were taken at the end of each period. Muscle CoQ10 and glutathione (GSH) concentrations were determined using mass spectrometry, antioxidant activities by fluorometry, mitochondrial enzyme activities and oxidative stress by colorimetry, and mitochondrial respiratory capacities by high-resolution respirometry. Data were analyzed using mixed linear models with period, supplementation, and period × supplementation as fixed effects...
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Effects of Vitamin E and Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Oxidative Stress Parameters in Untrained Leisure Horses Subjected to Acute Moderate Exercise
Alenka Nemec
2021
The effects of antioxidant supplements on exercise-induced oxidative stress have not been investigated in untrained leisure horses. We investigated the effects of 14-day supplementation with vitamin E (1.8 IU/kg/day), coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10; ubiquinone; 800 mg/day), and a combination of both (the same doses as in mono-supplementation) on the blood levels of CoQ10, vitamin E, and oxidative stress parameters in untrained leisure horses subjected to acute moderate exercise. Correlations between lipid peroxidation and muscle enzyme leakage were also determined. Forty client-owned horses were included in the study, with 10 horses in each of the antioxidant and placebo (paraffin oil) groups. Blood parameters were measured before supplementation, before and immediately after exercise, and after 24 h of rest. The differences in individual parameters between blood collection times and groups were analysed with linear mixed models (p ˂ 0.05). None of the supplemented antioxidants affected vitami...
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Oxidant and Antioxidant Parameters’ Assessment Together with Homocysteine and Muscle Enzymes in Racehorses: Evaluation of Positive Effects of Exercise
Francesca Arfuso
Antioxidants
This study aimed to evaluate the changes in serum oxidant and antioxidant parameters together with the serum values of homocysteine (Hcy) and muscle enzymes including creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in regularly trained athletic horses during official races of 1200, 1600 and 2000 m. Thirty Thoroughbred horses were divided into three groups of 10 subjects each according to the race distance: Group 1, 1200 m race; Group 2, 1600 m race; Group 3, 2000 m race. Blood samples were collected from horses 1 week prior to the race (1WB), on the day of the race at rest (TREST), immediately after the race (TPOST), and after 30 (TPOST30) and 120 (TPOST120) minutes. Serum total proteins, reactive oxygen metabolites (dROMs), thiol antioxidant barrier (SHp), antioxidant barrier (Oxy-ads), Hcy, CK, AST and LDH values were assessed. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA did not show differences referable to the race distance (Group effect) on all inve...
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Effect of daily supplementation with ubiquinol on muscle coenzyme Q10 concentrations in Thoroughbred racehorses
Warwick Bayly
Comparative Exercise Physiology, 2019
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is essential for mitochondrial aerobic production of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation, but has had little study in horses. Its biologically active form is ubiquinol. We evaluated the effects of daily supplementation with ubiquinol on gluteal muscle CoQ10 concentrations and an indicator of phosphorylation status, citrate synthase (CS), in fit Thoroughbreds. Six horses received either 1 g ubiquinol daily for 3 weeks followed by 21 days without supplement, or had a 3 week unsupplemented period followed by 3 weeks of supplementation. A seventh horse received the same diet as the other horses, but no supplement, and served as a negative control. Middle gluteal muscle biopsies were obtained before feeding at day 0 (baseline), and after 10 and 21 days of each period. Muscle CoQ10 concentration was determined by HPLC with UV detection at 275 nm. CS was measured spectrophotometrically at 37 °C and related to mitochondrial CoQ10 concentration. Results (mean ± standard de...
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Oxidative metabolism and muscle biochemical profile of polo horses supplemented with an ADE vitamin complex
Stéfano Carlo Filippo Hagen
Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, 2013
Horses used for the game of polo experience abrupt and frequent changes in exercise intensity. To meet this variable energy demand, the horses use both aerobic and anaerobic pathways in varying proportions and intensities. In this context, there must be a balance between the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the action of antioxidants to prevent oxidative stress and its consequences. The effect of supplementation with an ADE vitamin complex on oxidative metabolism was evaluated in 18 crossbred horses randomly divided between a treated group (TG) and a control group (CG). The TG animals received the ADE vitamin complex (1mL/50 kg of body weight) by deep intramuscular injection at 30 and 15 days before the game. The CG horses received 10ml of saline by the same administration route and schedule. During the polo match, the animals played for a total of 7.5 min. Blood samples were collected on the same days as the treatments were administered, and immediately before and at ...
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Antioxidant supplementation to the exercising horse
Carey Williams
Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 2010
Evidence of oxidative stress in horses has been described in reports dealing with intense and endurance exercise. Oxidative stress occurs when antioxidant systems are insufficient causing oxidation to potentially damage DNA, proteins, and lipids, and contribute to degenerative changes. Vitamin E is the most commonly supplemented antioxidant in horses and has been shown that horses in exercise conditioning may require higher intakes of vitamin E than recommended. Also in various species vitamin C potentiates the effects of vitamin E; however, under maintenance conditions horses have the ability to synthesize sufficient ascorbate, the demand increases as stress on the body is increased. Competitive endurance horses were estimated to consume 1.2 to 5-times higher levels of vitamin E than recommended intakes. In these horses a negative correlation was found between the vitamin E intake and creatine kinase, and aspartate aminotransferase. Similarly, three-day event horses have vitamin E ...
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Status of biochemical and antioxidant variables in horses before and after long distance race
Khaled Qudah
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The impact of age and exercise on antioxidants and oxidative stress in horses
Carey Williams
2014
OF THE DISSERTATION The Impact of Age and Exercise on Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress in Horses By DANIELLE NICOLE SMARSH Dissertation Director: Dr. Carey A. Williams The present study examined the effect of acute exercise and intensive exercise training on the oxidative stress, antioxidant status, and muscle metabolism of yearlings and mature mares. Objective one was to look at the effect of repeated biopsies on muscle inflammation and oxidative stress. The pattern of biopsies does impact oxidative stress occurrence, with an alternating corner pattern resulting in less oxidative stress than biopsies taken in a row. Objective two was to look at levels of oxidative stress and antioxidants in the blood and skeletal muscle of horses after an acute bout of exercise. It was found that some markers were affected by acute exercise, but overall the test was not sufficient to induce severe oxidative stress, thus the intensity of acute exercise does impacts the level of oxidative stress end...
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Physical exercise, oxidative stress and muscle damage in racehorses
Luca Avellini
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1998
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The effect of antioxidant vitamins on muscle damage during a 50-mile endurance ride in horses
irene marrone
2002
The Effect of Antioxidant Vitamins on Muscle Damage During a 50-Mile Endurance Ride in Horses By Danielle Irene Marrone Dr. John 0. Young, Examination Committee Chair Professor of Kinesiology University of Nevada, Las Vegas Plasma markers of muscle cell damage, creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase, were measured in the serum of 32 endurance exercised horses during a 50-mile endurance ride to determine if supplemental vitamin E singly or in combination with vitamin C could be effective in preventing exerciseinduced muscle damage. Blood was collected by jugular venipuncture prior to and at 0, 23, 35, and 50 miles of a 50-mile endurance ride. Both creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase increased significantly pre-exercise to post exercise in both vitamin E and vitamin E plus C groups. Vitamin E plus C was no more effective in preventing muscle damage than vitamin E alone. Additionally, performance times were not different between groups, indicating that although musc...
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